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U.S. life expectancy declines slightly: SoA

In the first year-over-year mortality rate increase since 2005, age-adjusted U.S. population mortality rates rose 1.2% between 2014 and 2015, according to MP-2017, the Society of Actuaries’ annually-updated mortality improvement scale for pension plans.

The mortality increase means that life expectancies declined slightly. Implementing the MP-2017 improvement scale could reduce a pension plan’s obligations by 0.7% to 1.0%, when calculated using a 4% discount rate, the SOA’s preliminary estimates suggest.

Mortality from eight of the 10 leading causes of death has increased in the U.S., as reported by the CDC. The life expectancy for a 65-year-old-male pension plan participant declined to 85.6 years using the MP-2017 scale, compared to 85.8 under MP-2016. The average life expectancy for a 65-year-old female pension plan participant declined to 87.6 with MP-2017, from 87.8 with the MP-2016 scale.

But “every plan is different, and it’s important for actuaries and plan sponsors to perform their own calculations and decide how to reflect the impact of emerging mortality changes in their own plan valuations,” said Dale Hall, managing director of research for the SOA, in a release.

The MP-2017 report includes a sensitivity analysis to model the impact of different improvement model assumptions on annuity factors for plan funding. The SOA’s Retirement Plans Experience Committee (RPEC) developed the report. For additional information, you can read the full Mortality Improvement Scale MP-2017 report here.

MP-2017 incorporates the latest publicly available mortality data from the Social Security Administration (SSA) through 2013. It also includes 2014 and preliminary 2015 data, developed by the SOA and obtained from the SSA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), and Census Bureau. 

© 2017 RIJ Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

Honorable Mention

Edward Jones reaches trillion-dollar milestone

Financial services firm Edward Jones has reached $1 trillion in assets under care (AUC), managed by more than 15,000 financial advisors for some seven million clients, according to a release this week. The firm’s growth since 1957 into a Fortune 500 company has been “organic, without reliance on buyouts, takeovers, or mergers.”

Headquartered in St. Louis, Mo., Edward Jones provides financial services in the U.S. (and in Canada through an affiliate), it operates as a partnership owned by its current and former associates. The firm allows advisors to build and run their own practices, while offering access to Edward Jones’ in-house research department, technology and customized tools. 

MEPs benefit from bull market: Milliman

Multi-employer pension funds, or MEPs, “are nearing the healthiest they’ve been since U.S. financial markets collapsed in 2008,” according to the Fall 2017 Multiemployer Pension Funding Study by Milliman, the global consulting and actuarial firm.

As of June 30, 2017, the aggregate funding percentage (“funded status”) for all multiemployer pensions climbed from 77% to 81%, thanks largely to favorable investment returns, Milliman said in a release this week. The system’s overall shortfall dropped by $21 billion.

“In aggregate, asset growth for multiemployer plans far outpaced assumptions for the first half of 2017,” says Kevin Campe, consulting actuary at Milliman and co-author of the MPFS. “But that bears little weight for critical plans, which are hurt by their substantially lower asset base. Despite the bull market, we’re seeing the funding gap continue to widen between critical and noncritical plans.”

Of roughly 1,250 plans analyzed in the study, Milliman considers around 75% to be noncritical. Noncritical plans are nearing an aggregate funded percentage of 90%. The funding level for critical plans remains around 60%, however. Some of the most troubled are likely to need help from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, which itself faces severe financial challenges.

According to the Department of Labor’s Employee Benefits Security Administration:

Under Federal pension law, if a multiemployer pension plan has funding or liquidity problems and falls into “critical” or “endangered” status, it must notify participants, beneficiaries, the bargaining parties, the PBGC and the DOL. To avoid running out of money, it may reduce adjustable benefits and offer no lump sum distributions in excess of $5,000. If a plan is critical and declining, the plan sponsor may ask the Secretary of the Treasury for a temporary or permanent reduction of benefits.  Plans in critical and endangered status must adopt a plan aimed at restoring its financial health. 

Tax cuts alone don’t enhance growth: Concord Coalition

The U.S. Senate “has abandoned fiscal responsibility” by calling for deficit-financed tax cuts of up to $1.5 trillion over 10 years in its fiscal year 2018 budget resolution, according to the Concord Coalition, a Vermont-based organization that advocates for fiscal prudence.

“The flawed premise of this budget is that tax cuts alone, regardless of their financing, composition or magnitude, will enhance long-term economic growth,” said Robert L. Bixby, Concord’s executive director, in a release.

“This budget fails when evaluated according to some of our key lessons: Tax cuts don’t pay for themselves, PAYGO (pay as you go) is an important standard, and the budget process should be focused on long-term planning,” the release said.

“While the Senate budget claims more than $5 trillion of spending cuts, it does not include enforcement mechanisms to put them into effect. This is in contrast to the fast-track ‘reconciliation’ process used to ease the passage of tax cuts. The more responsible House-passed budget… assumes deficit-neutral tax reform and $200 billion of mandatory spending cuts enforced through reconciliation.”   

Matta joins MassMutual DCIO team

MassMutual has appointed Jonathan Matta as regional managing director for the Midwest, responsible for sales of the MassMutual Funds in the defined contribution investment-only (DCIO) market. Before joining MassMutual, Matta was a sales director for Janus Capital Group for more than 10 years, responsible for sales and business development. He served on the Janus Wholesaler Advisory Council. He earned a bachelor’s degree from Ohio University.

Matta’s appointment brings MassMutual’s DCIO sales and support team to 10 members.  The team works with MassMutual’s 80 managing directors to support sales of bundled retirement plans. The 51 MassMutual Funds, which offer a multi-manager approach, include the Premier and Select funds and the RetireSMART target-date funds. 

Fidelity expands index fund lineup

Fidelity Investments has launched Fidelity Short-Term Bond Index Fund, a new short-duration bond fund, and added two lower priced share classes, Institutional and Institutional Premium classes, to its Long-Term Treasury Bond Index Fund, Intermediate Treasury Bond Index Fund and Short-Term Treasury Bond Index Fund.

Brandon Bettencourt and Jay Small, managers of Fidelity’s existing bond index funds, will co-manage Short-Term Bond Index Fund.

Fidelity Short-Term Bond Index Fund tracks the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. 1–5 Year Government/Credit Bond Index. It invests at least 80% of assets in securities included in that index. Fidelity Short-Term Bond Index offers four classes: Investor, Premium, Institutional and Institutional Premium.

The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. 1–5 Year Government/Credit Bond Index is a market value-weighted index of fixed-rate investment- grade debt securities with maturities from one to five years from the U.S. Treasury (60%), U.S. Government-Related (13%), and U.S. Corporate (27%) Indexes. 

© 2017 RIJ Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

 

JourneyGuide: A New Income Planning Tool from Ash Brokerage

To collaborate effectively on a retirement income plan, advisors and clients need software that thinks as fast as they do. They need software that can incorporate new data and new scenarios and then demonstrate, instantly, how those new factors ripple through other aspects of the plan.

Agility, coupled with simplified digital displays that clients can easily interpret: This is the yardstick by which retirement income planning software is now measured, especially if annuities are part of the workup. As they try to serve more clients and create holistic plans, advisors can’t afford to wait a week between new plan iterations. 

A couple of years ago, Ash Brokerage, a Fort Wayne, Indiana, insurance BGA (brokerage general agency) decided that it needed a tool like this. It does business with about 8,000 or so insurance-licensed advisors and planners, and wanted to help them incorporate annuities and other insurance products into retirement income plans.  

The project started with an in-house, Excel-based solution to help advisors add annuities to retirement income plans. Then owner Tim Ash brought in a tech wizard from Goldman Sachs, and the project evolved into an independent software company provider called JourneyGuide.

JourneyGuide is slated to open for business by year-end. “We’ve done a beta test with advisors and rolled out some of the features. Now we’re targeting a ‘soft launch’ in early November with the advisors who were with us for the beta test. That will be a fully functional initial release, followed with an official market release about a month later,” said Derek Trimble, JourneyGuide’s CEO (below left).

A tall order

Advisors today rely on technology to help solve a number of problems, Ash Brokerage learned. They need speed and efficiency to offset shrinking margins. They need better documentation. They need a tool that facilitates collaboration with clients. They need a tool that can balance simplicity with specificity. It’s a tall order for software builders.

Derek TrimbleGreater speed is becoming essential. Advisors want to be able to change their proposals on the fly in response to clients’ questions or the introduction of new information. They want to avoid multiple meetings for multiple plan revisions. If they’re selling products, they want to be able to close a transaction—getting a signature on an advisory agreement or agreement to a product purchase—at a single meeting. 

They also need a comparison tool. If they want to introduce products, such as indexed or income annuities, they need to be able to demonstrate that the product will improve a client’s existing plan. It must either raise the client’s retirement income, increase the percentage of income that comes from guaranteed sources, raise the funded ratio of her liabilities, allow him to take more equity risk, or all of the above.

Anticipating greater regulation—especially if they’re dealing with SEC, DOL and state-regulated products or accounts within the same financial plan—advisors also need end-to-end documentation, preservation and archiving of their reasons for recommending specific products or strategies. Tools need to be customized to reflect broker-dealer sales restrictions or product shelf limitations.

With respect to products and regulation, the software needs to be specific enough to provide close approximations of the costs and benefits of specific products or product categories, but generalized enough so that the tool remains “product agnostic,” especially where qualified money is involved.

Taking ownership

Journeyguide hits several points on this punchlist. They wanted the tool to be product agnostic. They didn’t want to provide end-to-end fulfillment, because advisors wanted to stick with their own well-established fulfillment routines. They wanted to help advisors sell annuities without creating a bias toward annuities.

“Our initial release will focus on incorporating income annuities into the plan,” Trimble told RIJ. “We have direct integration with the CANNEX pricing tool, so the advisor and client can have real-time pricing. We will be adding variable and index annuities in the future.”

The tool was built with advisors’ goals in mind. “Getting the client over the hump of their initial skepticism is something that we tried to help the advisor with,” said Michael Smith, JourneyGuide’s Chief Solution Architect. “The advisors are building the plan with the client. They get a feeling for what it will take to close the deal, and the clients feel as if they came up with the idea. It’s a logical progression.”

There’s a critical point in meetings with clients, Smith said, where the advisor will need to suggest a modification to a plan so that the client can meet a desired income target or a likelihood-of-success target. The advisor wants to be able to solve for that problem on the spot, achieve the goal, and keep the conversation moving toward a commitment.

“What we heard from advisors in building this, and they struggle with this, is that they reach a point where they need to show the client how to improve their existing plan,” Smith said. In some cases, that’s the point where an advisor can suggest an annuity.

“There are three ways an advisor can improve a plan,” he told RIJ. “One involves Social Security: you can work longer and claim later. The second is to adjust the asset allocation and take more risk. The third thing is to add a guaranteed solution.” If the client feels boxed into a plan with too little income to low a chance of lifelong sustainability, annuities can help.

The tool can display a “crossover” point where the allocation to a guaranteed product provides just enough safe income without excessively dampening upside potential. If the clients reach that point by moving the dials themselves, so to speak, then the clients doesn’t just yield to an advisor’s plan, they embrace it as their own.   

“It’s interactive,” said Smith (at right). “The client can see, ‘This is my best plan going forward.’ The advisor can close right there instead of telling the client, ‘I’ll get back to you in a week.”

Because the target audience of JourneyGuide is hybrid Registered Investment Advisors—advisors “dually-licensed” to sell insurance and investment products—along with bank advisors and advisors at insurance company-owned brokerages, its creators wanted it to be annuity-friendly, but not biased toward any particular type of annuity.Michael Smith

So they used sample pricing in their annuity modeling process. In the case of SPIAs, for instance, they wanted to provide a certain level of price-specificity without introducing a specific product. They asked CANNEX to take an average of the prices or payout rates of five leading products, and that’s what they show the client when testing a SPIA (single-premium immediate annuity) recommendation.

Better than spreadsheets

Smith joined Ash Brokerage three years ago at the invitation of owner Tim Ash. Smith had been working in IT at Goldman Sachs, where he developed and patented an algorithm for generating asset allocation recommendations for high net worth clients. He arrived at the same time as Jeff Rocke, an estate planning attorney.

“Mike and Jeff are the brains behind JourneyGuide,” Trimble told RIJ. “We knew we needed something better than Excel spreadsheets to make our point. They were able to show that adding guaranteed income streams improve retirement outcomes, increase floor income, and protect against longevity risk.”

As noted above, the project expanded from an internal Ash Brokerage product to building a free-standing company with its own software offering. “Six months ago we made a breakthrough in terms of the algorithm, and now we can do those calculations in seconds. So Tim said, ‘We want to build the software.’ Our long term goal was to provide software-as-a-service,” said Smith.    

Trimble, Smith and their team are assuming that the regulatory environment for annuities will remain challenging, whether the Trump administration allows the DOL fiduciary rule to remain intact or amends it to allow variable and indexed annuities to be sold without the Best Interest Contract Exemption or rescinds it entirely.

 “In talking to the dually-registered [investment and insurance licensed] folks about the DOL, we hear two extreme predictions. Sometimes we hear that they expect the DOL rule to go away completely. Then we hear that the DOL fiduciary standard will be applied to non-qualified accounts in addition to qualified. Even if the rule doesn’t happen, we think it makes sense for us to position ourselves as product-agnostic,” Smith said.

Future iterations of the JourneyGuide software will include variable annuities and indexed annuities. They will also introduce a Social Security optimization tool and, later on, an ability to model the need for long-term care insurance.

“The next big chunk will be full-blown optimization, where we can calculate the right combination of annuities that would maximize a client’s income, or success rate, or final balance at a particular likelihood,” said Trimble. As for estimating longevity, “We don’t include an actuarial calculation. Our default “retirement plan end age” is 95 years, but clients can suggest whatever ‘end age’ they want.”

© 2017 RIJ Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

Icon: An IRA for ‘Gig’ Workers

Icon, a portable retirement savings plan with “institutionally-priced investments” and a “tech-forward simplified interface,” has just been announced by the National Association of Retirement Plan Participants, a San Francisco non-profit. It joins a number of solutions, ranging from Goldman Sachs’ Honest Dollar to California’s state-sponsored Secure Choice plan, in the race to serve Americans with no retirement savings plan at work.

Icon is unusual: Its creator, NARRP, has only a president, Laurie Rowley, and a handful of staff, but will partner with giant asset managers; while employers can use it, its target market is the millions of self-employed workers in the new “gig” economy; its product is a traditional IRA, not a Roth IRA, which state-sponsored plans and the now-cancelled federal MyRA program offered. 

NARPP, which was the subject of a 2014 feature in RIJ, is the creation of a team of behavioral finance entrepreneurs, including Rowley; the widely known academic and author Shlomo Benartzi, its co-founder emeritus; and Warren Cormier, its chief behavioral officer and CEO of Boston Research Technologies, a consulting group.

Cormier, who attended the academic forum of the Defined Contribution Institutional Investor Association conference in New York this week, told RIJ that Icon would use behavioral techniques to help people save, and that NARRP would providing the communications and “glue” that would bind together the masses of individual participants.

According to NARPP, Icon users will pay about $5 a month for recordkeeping, custodial service, customer support, education and help with “holistic financial wellness.” Icon uses auto-default to place savers into an age-appropriate target date fund, savers can also opt out of the TDF and select their own mix of funds. Users can pre-order Icon beginning Wednesday November 1, with onboarding starting January 2018.

Strategic partners include Dimensional Fund Advisors, which is offering mutual funds at “low institutional prices,” and State Street Global Advisors (SSgA), which is offering a target date fund for 13 basis points per year. The average target date fund fee is 90 basis points, according to NARRP. Aspire, the Tampa-based third-party administrator, has signed on as Icon’s recordkeeper.

Icon won’t have some of the levers that other types of plans have. There’s no mandate requiring people to use it, as there is in state-sponsored workplace IRA plans. Nor can it use auto-enrollment to default people into the plan, even when they have a formal employer, because it won’t be regulated by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA). 

“The two critical ingredients necessary for a dramatic breakthrough in plan coverage are the two they are missing,” one informed observer said.

Despite its name, NARPP is not a grassroots organization of plan participants or an advocacy group like the Washington-based Pension Rights Center. It is not related to any of the state-sponsored workplace IRA programs that have emerged in a few progressive states like California and Oregon.   

Asked if non-profit status brought any advantage to NARPP and Icon, Cormier told RIJ, “AARP is interested in partnering with us, and they said they wouldn’t consider that if we weren’t a not-for-profit.”  

“Icon is a hybrid plan that combines the best aspects of an employer sponsored plan (e.g., 401(k)), along with the flexibility of a self-directed plan (IRA),” the release said. It “is an entirely new paradigm for providing retirement benefits to a labor force that is rapidly evolving away from the traditional employer-employee model.”

NARPP says it aims to serve an estimated 55 million working Americans who don’t have access to an employer sponsored savings plan. That number includes employees of small businesses that don’t offer a retirement plan, and contract or “gig” workers.

In contrast to traditional, federally-regulated retirement savings plans:

  • Individuals can join independently.
  • Small employers can implement Icon as a payroll deduction with no legal or federal filing requirements, no plan administration and no on-going costs.
  • Gig platforms companies can make Icon available at the pay level without triggering employment status changes.
  • Large employers can make Icon available to their independent workforce as a payroll deduction without triggering ERISA or employment status changes.
  • Companies can use Icon as an employer facilitated retirement plan.

Employers using Icon would not have the legal burdens, federal filing requirements, expense, or administrative duties associated with running a 401(k) plan under ERISA, according to NARPP. Contributions are transacted at the payroll level.

“Icon exists within the current regulatory structure of a payroll IRA, and offering Icon will not trigger independent contractor status or voluntary work arrangements, thus paving the way for gig platforms to offer Icon at the payment level for workers who use their platforms,” the release said.

“The percentage of employees offered any retirement plan by their employer has plummeted over the last fifteen years from 64% to 43%,” said Cormier, in the release. “We cannot gain ground on improving retirement security until we solve key structural problems in how people access retirement savings plans.”

© 2017 RIJ Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

 

Follow the Money: Vanguard’s new REIT II Index Fund draws $6.3 billion in September

Investors put a net $12.7 billion into U.S. equity passive funds and pulled a net $18.5 billion out of U.S. equity funds in September, according to Morningstar’s report on U.S. mutual fund and exchange-traded fund (ETF) asset flow for September 2017.

The flow into U.S. equity passive rose by almost half, from $8.5 billion in August 2017, while the flow out of U.S. active fund declined by almost 20%, from $23.0 billion in the previous month, the report said.

For Morningstar’s commentary on the flows, click here(Morningstar estimates net flow for mutual funds by computing the change in assets not explained by the performance of the fund and net flow for ETFs by computing the change in shares outstanding.)

In other highlights from the report:

Despite expectations of another incremental interest rate hike by the Federal Reserve this year, taxable bond remained the leading category group in September with $34.9 billion in flows overall, up from $27.5 billion in the previous month. Unlike in August, however, passive taxable-bond flows surpassed active ones: $20.5 versus $14.4 billion.

Sector equity saw $10.5 billion of inflow in September, after sustaining a $4.2 billion outflow in August. The flow was driven by the real estate Morningstar Category and by a net flow of $6.3 billion into Vanguard’s new REIT II Index Fund.

International equity flows fell to $9.8 billion in September compared with $16.1 billion during the previous month. The decline may have been driven by Britain’s planned exit from the European Union and Catalonia’s attempted secession from Spain.

The three Morningstar Categories with the highest inflows in September are intermediate-term bond, foreign large blend, and real estate. The three Categories with the largest outflows are large growth, large value, and allocation—50% to 70% equity.

Passive. On the passive front, Vanguard was the top fund family, with inflows of $28.1 billion, followed by BlackRock/iShares with inflows of $18.5 billion. Vanguard’s newly created REIT II Index attracted the highest flows of $6.3 billion immediately after its inception, boosting overall flows for the entire real estate category and sector-equity category group.

Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund and Gold-rated Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund followed, with respective inflows of $4.0 billion and $2.5 billion.

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund and PowerShares NASDAQ-100 Index Tracking ETF had the highest outflows, $1.2 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively.

Active. In active flows, PIMCO led with $3.2 billion. The two active funds with the highest inflows were PIMCO Income, with flows of $2.7 billion, and Vanguard Growth and Income Fund, with $2.2 billion in flows. Fidelity, Franklin Templeton, and T. Rowe Price sustained outflows from their active funds. Fidelity Series Emerging Markets had the highest outflows—$1.8 billion—among active funds in September.

© 2017 Morningstar, Inc. Used by permission.

GAO and CBO publish major retirement analyses

The Government Accountability Office and the Congression Budget Office each issued major white papers this week. The GAO’s report is entitled, “The Nation’s Retirement System:  A Comprehensive Re-evaluation Is Needed to Better Promote Future Retirement Security.” The CBO’s report is entitled, “Measuring the Adequacy of Retirement Income: A Primer.”

Retirement Income Journal hasn’t had time to read or evaluate these documents. An article reviewing the papers will appear next week in the October 26, 2017 issue.

Goldman Sach’s workplace IRA will waive wrap fee in 2017

Honest Dollar, Goldman Sachs’ “digital retirement savings provider,” will waive its account or “wrap” fee on client portfolios through 2018, the firm announced this week. Beginning in January 2019, account fees will be $1 per month for balances of $5,000 or less and 25 basis points annually for balances above $5,000.

The IRA savings service for small and mid-sized businesses, self-employed individuals, independent contractors, won’t be free, however. The expense ratios of the underlying exchange-traded funds and mutual funds (9 to 13 basis points per year) will still be deducted from the funds’ net asset values, a release said. The wrap fee also does not include “additional costs that are charged by the custodian for ancillary services.”

[See related story on today’s homepage about “Icon,” another workplace IRA program for workers at small firms or in the “gig” economy.]

The current custodian for Honest Dollar is Apex Clearing Corporation, a New York Corporation. Apex is a registered broker-dealer that is not affiliated with Honest Advisors or its affiliates.

Honest Dollar is run by Honest Advisors LLC, based in Austin, Texas. Goldman Sachs Asset Management, Honest Advisors and Honest Dollar are all subsidiaries of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.

Honest Advisors, LLC, offers an individual retirement account-based savings program designed to enable employees of small- and medium-sized businesses, self-employed individuals, independent contractors and other individuals.   

Clients establish a traditional IRA, Roth IRA, a SEP-IRA (Simplified Employee Pension-Individual Retirement Account) if eligible, and appoint Apex Clearing Corp. to custody the IRA assets and provide brokerage services.

Honest Dollar interacts with clients through a software application that’s available through its website and mobile app. The program provides investment advice through the Portfolio Selection Tool at the site, but not in person, over the phone, in live chat, or otherwise.  

Honest Advisors uses model portfolios designed by GSAM. The portfolios have asset-weighted expense ratios ranging from 0.09% to 0.13%, up from the 0.07% on previously offered portfolios. The portfolios include passive, non-proprietary exchange-traded funds (ETFs) sourced from multiple unaffiliated providers. 

“This increase is due to the addition of ETFs that in certain cases have substantially higher expense ratios than the expense ratios of the ETFs that were available through the Program prior to October 12, 2017. Such higher-expense ETFs have been included in the portfolios along with other ETFs for the purpose of increased diversification,” according to Honest Advisor’s Form ADV.

© 2017 RIJ Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

RIIA Sells RMA Designation to the Investment and Wealth Institute (formerly known as IMCA )

Francois Gadenne, the president of the Retirement Income Industry Association, announced this week that the organization is going to end its 10-year run as the leading client-centric organization in the $26 trillion retirement space by selling its RMA professional designation to the Investment and Wealth Institute—the professional organization formerly known as IMCA. 

“I was talking to my partner Al Turco at our 10-year gala and we decided that we had succeeded in creating the best designation in retirement income planning, one that started with clients and not products,” said Gadenne, who was born in Lille, France, educated in France and at Northwestern’s Kellogg School of Management in Chicago and made his fortune at the end of the 1990s by selling a dot-com robo-advisor, Rational Investors, Inc., to Standard & Poor’s.  

“But in terms of getting our designation on the approved list of all the major distribution companies, we were only doing onesies and twosies and knew it would be a long and tough slog,” he told RIJ yesterday. “So we asked ourselves, ‘Who would be the best choice for a partner if we were going to do a joint venture?’ We made a strategic map and IMCA—now the Investment and Wealth Institute—was the first choice.

“They had reached out to me early last year and asked me to speak at their annual conference in May. I called their CEO, Sean Walters, and said ‘You’re first on our list.’ After a 90-minute conversation, we clicked and it just happened. The Institute is big enough to survive in a cartelized industry, and small enough to grow a lot. They were first on our list because we have a client-focus and so do they.”Francois Gadenne

RIIA was set up as a 501(c)(6) non-profit, and it owned the intellectual property rights to the RMA, the professional certification that was based on the philosophy that all retirement advice starts with a consideration of the client’s entire “household balance sheet”—i.e., all of the clients’ assets and liabilities, including human capital, social capital and real estate holdings—and ends with a solution that provides the client with a floor income plus exposure to upside growth during retirement.

With the transfer of the rights to the RMA, it will become one of the Institute’s constellation of designations for advisors, which include the Certified Investment Management Analyst and the Certified Private Wealth Advisor. The RMA will become a two-tier program, offering a “light” certificate program for advisors who complete a distance-learning course and a full-blown professional designation for those who complete a more rigorous course.

The Institute has educational partnerships with professors at The Wharton School, Yale and the University of Chicago’s Booth School. On-site classes at one of those business schools would be included in the curriculum of the full-blown RMA, presumably giving it a new level of visibility, prestige and marketability.

RIIA will survive under a new name and with a new mission. It will become the CTRI, which stands for Circle Triangle Rectangle Institute. Gadenne (right) unveiled the “Circle Triangle Rectangle” advisory philosophy at its annual meeting in Salem, Mass., last July.

Some advisory clients, RIIA postulated, merely want advice on investment management alone (Curve); others want their investment advice tailored to the achievement of personal goals and aspirations (Triangle); and others want the advisor to include their entire household balance sheet, not just investments, in a goal-based plan (Rectangle). The advisor’s job is to match the right geometric figure with the right client. (A paper based on this idea, by Gadenne and Patrick Collins, Ph.D., appeared in the July/August issue of Investments and Wealth Monitor, a publication of the Investment and Wealth Institute.)

Those who relied on RIIA as an entrepreneur-friendly, non-denominational nexus for periodic networking and schmoozing will not find CTRI to be the same kind of intellectual wildlife preserve, evidently. “The membership of CTRI will be just institutional members, based on personal relationships with no more than six to 12 CEOs. Memberships will cost $250,000 a year. All members will be board members,” Gadenne said.

“At CTRI, we will be developing a big data technology platform that will allow us not just to data-mine but to ‘concept-mine’ across the research. We’ll create genealogies of research papers and concepts that support sales engagement processes,” Gadenne said. CTRI’s seed money will be the proceeds of the sale of the RMA to the Investment and Wealth Institute.

The institute will also sponsor a “wiki”—a living encyclopedia—of research supporting best practices in retirement income planning. Initially, it will be based on a bibliography assembled by Patrick Collins, an advisor and adjunct professor at the University of San Francisco School of Management. The wiki will be administered by Salem State University in Salem, Mass., with CTRI handling the analytics.

So RIIA’s race is run. As an organization, it had strengths and weaknesses. Both stemmed, as is often the case, from the same basic characteristics. It was both an industry trade group and a consumer-focused group, but not an advocacy group, so it had no obvious funding base.

It mapped all of the existing “silos” of the retirement industry, to an extent never accomplished before, without occupying any single one of them. Its meetings brought together a stimulating cocktail of executives, advisors, lawyers, academics and entrepreneurs.

While RIIA’s accomplishments were the results of a small army of people, its personality and momentum sprang mainly from the passions and contradictions of a single person—Gadenne, whose own career included stints in academia, corporations and start-ups. Now that he and RIIA are moving on to new ventures, the retirement industry may not see anything quite like them again.  

© 2017 RIJ Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

A Western & Southern Group income annuity joins Fidelity online platform

IncomeSource, a single premium immediate annuity underwritten by two Western & Southern Financial Group member companies has been added to selection of annuities on the Fidelity Insurance Network, the online platform where many Americans buy their income annuities. It’s the first Western & Southern annuity to be offered in Fidelity’s product line-up.

IncomeSource is issued by Western-Southern Life Assurance Company or National Integrity Life Insurance Company.

According to a release this week, IncomeSource offers:

  • An optional annual inflation adjustment of one to five percent per year
  • Beneficiary designation options   
  • Commutation rights that can provide emergency liquidity
  • Financial strength. Western & Southern has an A+ (Superior) rating from A.M. Best and an AA (Very Strong) rating from Standard & Poor’s.

Fidelity Insurance Network, established in 1987, offers deferred variable annuities, immediate fixed income annuities, fixed deferred annuities with guaranteed life withdrawal benefits and deferred income annuities.

Guardian, MassMutual, New York Life and The Principal all offer both immediate fixed income annuities and deferred income annuities through the platform. All of the immediate annuities on the platform have an initial minimum premium of $10,000 and all have joint-and-survivor options that allow for 100%, 66 2/3% and 50% continuation to the survivor.

Fidelity Investments has assets under administration of $6.4 trillion, including managed assets of $2.3 trillion as of August 31, 2017.

© 2017 RIJ Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

Retirement research from the CFA Institute etc.

The tiger-pit known as “sequence” risk. The unscalable challenge of converting defined contribution savings into lifelong income. Palliatives for the mixed blessing of ultra-longevity. A peek at how the natives up north (Canada) and down under (Australia) pay for their retirement.

The CFA Institute has released a list of links to its best and freshest (or almost-fresh) retirement research, which cover the above topics and then some. Unless you’re preoccupied with the text of the latest Republican tax plan, or an annuity prospectus, or the new season of Curb Your Enthusiasm, check them out: 

Reducing Sequence Risk Using Trend Following and the CAPE Ratio (Financial Analysts Journal, 2017)             Using U.S. equity return data for 1872–2014, this paper shows how sequence risk can be significantly reduced by applying trend-following investment strategies. The authors also show the importance of knowing the CAPE ratio, at the beginning of a decumulation period.

Longevity and Sequencing Risk: Using alternative investments to address pre- and post-retirement issues (Invesco, 2017)
This paper will explore the issues and challenges associated with longevity and sequencing risk, especially in the current market environment, and examine how alternative investments offer investors potential solutions for these risks.
Turning DC Assets Into a Lifetime Paycheck: Evaluating Investment Choices (PIMCO)
In this paper, Stacy Schaus and Ying Gao argue that the best strategy for creating a retirement income stream is for retirees to keep savings in their Defined Contribution plan.
Longevity Risk and Retirement Income – CFA Institute Research Foundation Literature Review (2015)
The authors present a literature survey over the past 50 years on longevity risk and portfolio sustainability. They highlight and deliver key insights on important and emerging themes with the topic areas.
DC Pensions – The Longevity Issue (SSGA, 2017)
This edition of SSGA’s “The Participant” celebrates five years of the magazine with a special issue, which explores how increasing life spans are affecting retirement savers.
Making STRIDEs in Evaluating the Performance of Retirement Solutions (S&P Dow Jones Indices, July 2017)
This paper tests S&P STRIDE’s approach to consumption risk and asset allocation over the period 2003-2016 for hypothetical 2010 retirees by comparing the S&P STRIDE Glide Path 2010 Index Total Return to the average 2010 target date fund (TDF).
Lifetime income solutions for DC pensions (Willis Towers Watson, 2016)
Willis Towers Watson presents their findings on a survey conducted to learn more about what actions employers are taking to address employees’ longevity risk. 
How much can retirees spend? The “virtual annuity” approach (Barton Waring & Laurence Siegel)
The authors of this paper propose the “virtual annuity” approach to help determine a retiree’s spending rule. 
Optimizing Retirement Income Solutions in Defined Contribution Retirement Plans (SOA, 2016)
This 58-page report aims to help plan sponsors, advisors and retirees achieve their goals by providing them with an analytical framework for evaluating a variety of possible retirement income solutions.
Are Target Date Funds On Target? (QMA)
Jeremy Stempien examines how the probability of success is measured, the sensitivity of income expectations to different return assumptions, and finally considers the outlook for asset class returns.
Designing the Future of TDFs: Improving US retirement outcomes (AB, 2017)
The author delivers insights on an improved glide path design—incorporating a broader set of asset classes with a multi-manager architecture that can potentially reduce risk and build more retirement income.
The Case for “Bonds for Financial Security” (IMCA, 2016)
IMCA explains, Bonds for Financial Security (BFFS) and argues that this single instrument can help investors achieve retirement objectives at lower risk, lower cost, and with greater liquidity and simplicity than traditional portfolios.
Canada: Decumulation, The Next Critical Frontier: Improvements for DC and Capital Accumulation Plans (ACPM, 2017)
This paper explores the concern that the decumulation products and services currently available to individuals may not produce optimal outcomes, while group decumulation options are not broadly available.
Australia: How Safe are Safe Withdrawal Rates in Retirement? (FINSIA, 2016)
This report by Finsia examines the next step in the post-retir
ement or decumulation phase in one’s retirement journey. Surveying the annualized performance of different investments in a number of countries over a period of 112 years.

© 2017 CFA Institute. Used by permission.

Honorable Mention

Stash plans new banking and advice app for early 2018

Stash, the financial services platform, announced a plan to launch mobile-first banking services to help millions of Americans who need support managing their day-to-day money and reaching their dreams of financial security and prosperity. The personalized banking experience will use new technology, data and simple recommendations to lead clients on a path toward healthy financial habits.

Individuals can join the Stash banking services waiting list at www.stashbanking.com.

Core banking features will include:

  • A savings feature to help clients create customizable short-term and long-term savings goals.
  • Free FDIC-insured bank accounts with no fees, no minimum balance requirement and free access to the “largest ATM network in the U.S.”
  • Customized advice.
  • A “spend and bill tracker” to show clients their current money status, transactions and financial patterns.
  • “Auto” and “Smart-Save” features to automatically save small amounts, analyze historical spending, and optimize savings.  
  • Access to the “Stash Plan,” a proprietary, long-term financial security plan.   
  • Standard banking features such as bill pay, direct deposit and a Stash debit card.

“The average American pays close to $300 a year in bank fees,” said Ed Robinson, president and co-founder of Stash, in a release. “We’re building our banking services to solve that and bring new tools, coaching and complete transparency to the process.”

The banking app joins the “Invest” and “Retire” functions on the Stash platform gives everyone access to the tools and education needed to save and invest in their financial futures. Clients of Stash’s current Invest and Retire products can build personalized portfolios from a selection of over 40 curated ETFs to build personalized portfolios.

Stash claims more than 2.5 million Stash Learn subscribers and 1.2 million clients. Stash includes Stash Cash Management LLC, Stash Investments LLC, an SEC Registered Investment Adviser and Stash Capital LLC, an SEC Registered Broker Dealer and member of FINRA and SIPC. Based in New York City, it launched in February 2015 by Brandon Krieg and Ed Robinson.

U.S. collective investment trust assets grow at double-digit rate in 2016

Fee sensitivity, the threat of litigation, and increased awareness of collective investment trusts (CITs) are casing many defined benefit and defined contribution plans to increase their use of CITs in their investment portfolios, according to Cerulli Associates, the global research and consulting firm.

“As of 2016, CIT assets were almost $2.8 trillion, which is a major increase from 2011, when assets had yet to cross the $2 trillion mark,” said Christopher Mason, a senior analyst at Cerulli, in a release this week. The 11.6% increase from 2015 to 2016 represented the first year of double-digit year-over-year growth for CITs since 2012.

“CITs often are priced lower as compared to mutual funds of similar strategies,” the Mason said. More important, he added, “The threat of litigation is putting pressure on plan sponsors to ensure that related fees paid reflect the best interest of the plan participants.”

According to the research, 81% of CIT managers perceive consultants to be very knowledgeable about CITs, but only 14% believe that financial advisors are very knowledgeable about the product category.

“Financial advisors’ familiarity with mutual funds, along with marginal differences in cost compared to CITs, cause them to be more apt to turn to mutual funds,” Mason said. Cerulli maintains that as financial advisors become more educated about CITs, the more likely they are to use them in client portfolios.

‘Best Paper’ award goes to David Blanchett

‘The Value of a Gamma-Efficient Portfolio,’ a research paper by David Blanchett, Director of Retirement Research with Morningstar Investment Management and adjunct professor at The American College, has won a ‘Best Paper’ award from the Academy of Financial Services, The American College of Financial Services announced this week.

The paper reviews the concept of “gamma,” a metric designed to quantify the value of advisors’ contributions to client financial decisions. It will be part of the curriculum for the American College’s upcoming Wealth Management Certified Professional (WMCP) designation, which helps advisors apply modern investment theory to client relationships.

The AFS’s ‘Best Paper’ award recognizes authors from a variety of financial planning disciplines that relate to financial planning, including estate planning, insurance, tax accounting aspects of financial planning, investments, and retirement planning.  

Ken Stapleton joins MassMutual DB team

To boost support of its defined benefit (DB) pension plans, Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co. (MassMutual) has appointed Ken Stapleton as senior institutional investment consultant to support plan sponsors and financial advisors in the DB space.

Stapleton assumes responsibility for portfolio strategy, asset allocation, risk reduction, investment policy, product selection and day-to-day information and data sharing.  MassMutual has $16 billion in DB pension assets under administration and serves 400,000 workers and retirees.

MassMutual, which said it is expanding its support of the DB marketplace in pursuit of growth, recently introduced its PensionSmart Analysis tool, which evaluates a DB plan’s current status, funding level, and service structure.  

Earlier this year, MassMutual introduced customized pension yield curves to help plan sponsors measure their pension obligations more accurately.

The appointment of Stapleton gives MassMutual three investment consultants focused on the DB marketplace. Prior to joining MassMutual, Stapleton worked at Keefe, Bruyette and Woods as an institutional equity trader and research analyst.  He also worked an investment banker with Ironwood Capital.

He holds B.S. and MBA degrees from the University of Connecticut and FINRA Series 7 and 63 licenses.

Bill Bainbridge named SVP of Product for Voya Annuities and Individual Life  

Voya Financial, Inc., has appointed Bill Bainbridge, FSA, MAAA, CERA, as senior vice president and leader of all product development and in-force management for the company’s Annuities and Individual Life businesses. He will report to Carolyn Johnson, chief executive officer, Annuities and Individual Life. 

Bainbridge served as vice president of pricing for Voya’s Annuities and Individual Life businesses since November 2016. Previously, he oversaw product development for the company’s Annuities business. He joined Voya as a senior actuarial associate in August 2005. Bainbridge began his career at Buck Consultants as an associate in June 2003.

Bainbridge received bachelor’s degrees in both actuarial science and economics from Lebanon Valley College. He is a fellow of the Society of Actuaries and holds the chartered enterprise risk analyst designation. In 2016, Bainbridge was recognized by LIMRA as a “Rising Star” in the financial services industry.

© 2017 RIJ Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

 

 

 

 

OOPs! Medical expenses can eat up retirement income

Medicare’s high out-of-pocket (OOP) costs will substantially reduce retiree’s income from Social Security benefits and other sources, according to a new working paper from the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College.

Average OOP spending (excluding long-term care) was $4,274 per year in 2014, with approximately two-thirds ($2,965) spent on premiums. In 2014, the average retiree had only 65.7% of his Social Security benefits remaining after OOP spending and only 82.2% of total income.

Nearly one-fifth (18%) of retirees had less than half of their 2014 Social Security income remaining after OOP spending, with 6% of retirees falling below 50% of total income.

Post-OOP benefit ratios increased concurrently with the introduction of Medicare Part D for retirees who lacked prescription drug coverage prior to 2006. This group also saw a small increase after the donut hole began closing in 2010.

With less than two-thirds of their Social Security benefits available for non-medical consumption, and limited income outside of Social Security for much of the elderly population, many retirees likely feel that making ends meet is difficult.

Medicare spending per beneficiary is expected to resume its decades-long rise by the end of the decade, putting more pressure on retirees’ budgets. The CRR researchers used the 2002-2014 Health and Retirement Study to calculate post-OOP benefit ratios, defined as the share of either Social Security benefits or total income available for non-medical spending.

The project decomposes the share of income that is going toward premium payments and services delivered. It examines how these post-OOP benefit ratios differ by age, gender, income, supplemental insurance coverage, and health status.

The project also updates the changes in OOP spending and the post-OOP income ratios that followed the introduction of Medicare Part D prescription drug coverage in 2006 and the closing of the “donut hole” coverage gap in 2010, which decreased OOP costs under Part D for those spending moderate amounts on prescriptions.

© 2017 RIJ Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

Annuity-Friendly Nominee at DOL

Donald Trump’s nominee for the top job at the Department of Labor’s Employee Benefits Security Administration will be Preston Rutledge of the Senate Finance Committee staff, according to press reports yesterday. If nominated and approved, he’d replace Phyllis Borzi, who authored the Obama administration’s fiduciary rule.

If the reports about the nomination in PoliticoPro are true, that would be good news to the retirement industry—particularly to asset managers who would like to see the creation of “open multi-employer retirement plans,” or MEPs, and to life insurers who would like to see a lowering of the barriers to annuities in 401(k) plans.

Rutledge is evidently well known, liked and respected in Washington. “It’s important to have a retirement policy expert in that position and he fills the bill,” said Brian Graff, CEO of the American Retirement Association.  “He has relationships with the Hill and Labor. He won’t be in a position [to influence legislation] as a regulator. But if he were to get nominated there might get a chance to revisit the MEPs issue.”

“He’s terrific. He’s genuine. He really gets all the big issues. He has relationships with many different aspects of the retirement world,” said Cindy Hounsell, executive director of WiserWomen, a non-profit that provides financial education to women. “He listens to people. He understands the system.”

A former IRS lawyer who is in his early 60s, Rutledge has been senior tax and benefits counsel for the Senate Finance Committee under Chairman Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-UT) since 2011. He’s been instrumental in the writing of two ambitious and far-reaching recent pieces of retirement legislation.

Those were the SAFE (Secure Annuities for Employees) Retirement Act of 2013 and a 2016 reincarnation of SAFE called the Retirement Enhancement and Savings Act (RESA) of 2016. Hatch introduced both of them. RESA came out of the Senate Finance Committee with bipartisan support but didn’t reach the Senate floor before the 114th Congress ended last January.

In a Benefits Brief issued a year ago, lawyers from the Groom Law Group described RESA as having “the potential to alter the retirement landscape.” The legislation, if revived and passed, would:

  • Permit unrelated employers (i.e., those without so-called “commonality”) to pool their resources by participating in a new type of multiple employer plan, provided certain conditions are met. This would be a way to expand retirement plan coverage to millions of workers at small companies by letting the owners opt into a pooled employer plan. MEPs are also an industry-favored alternative to mandated state-sponsored workplace IRAs, like California’s Secure Choice.
  • Require employers to provide defined contribution plan participants with an estimate of the amount of monthly annuity income the participant’s balance could produce in retirement (if benefits were received in a single or joint and survivor life annuity).
  • Create a new fiduciary safe harbor for employers who opt to include a lifetime income investment option in their defined contribution plan. In 2008, DOL published a safe harbor for annuity selection in defined contribution plans, but many view it as unable to provide meaningful relief, particularly given the difficulty in evaluating the financial capability of the insurer.
  • Make in-plan annuities more portable. RESA would permit participants to make direct trustee-to-trustee transfers (or transfer annuity contracts) of “lifetime income investments” that are no longer authorized to be held as investment options under a qualified defined contribution, 403(b) plan, or governmental 457(b) plan, without regard to any plan restrictions on in-service distributions.

MEPs have been promoted by asset manager State Street Global Advisors. The pooled plans are also championed by the Center for Retirement Initiatives at Georgetown University’s McCourt School of Public Policy, which favors private-sector solutions to the problem that only about half of American workers can contribute to a retirement plan at work.

The Senate Finance Committee is a magnet for donations from many industries, but especially from the FIRE (finance, insurance and real estate) industries. FIRE has been the biggest source of contributions to committee members in the 115th Congress, with $19.4 million from political action committees and $43.6 million from individuals. Combined, that’s about twice as much as the next most generous industry contributor to committee members.

In an interview videotaped in New York last April by Cammack Retirement at the Defined Contribution Institutional Investors Association public policy meeting, Rutledge was asked about a key concern of 401(k) providers: The possibility of reductions in the limits on tax-deferred contributions to retirement plans.

Rutledge all but dismissed that likelihood. “As a matter of policy, there’s a lot of reluctance to revisit and maybe consider reducing, for instance, the 401(k) contribution limits,” he said. “That would raise a lot of money, but there’s a long-standing commitment to the contribution limits. Most folks don’t want to lower those. But when they open up tax reform, everything is on the table.”

He praised the concept of open MEPs. “The unsung advantage of the open MEP is that you’ve got a professional organization at the center that does all the paper work and deals with the DOL,” he said. “[To incentivize participation by business owners], we added a tax credit of $5,000 for startup costs.

“That bill has voted through the Finance Committee by 26 to nothing. It wasn’t just bipartisan, it was unanimous. We were hopeful that we could attach that to the year-end [2016] funding bill, but didn’t happen. That’s ready to be pulled down and dusted off.”

Regarding the fiduciary rule, Rutledge said, “There are so many other things to work on that there’s not a lot of appetite at Finance to work on fiduciary rule.”

© 2016 RIJ Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

Another Nobel Surprise for Economics

The winner of this year’s Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Richard Thaler of the University of Chicago, is a controversial choice. Thaler is known for his lifelong pursuit of behavioral economics (and its subfield, behavioral finance), which is the study of economics (and finance) from a psychological perspective. For some in the profession, the idea that psychological research should even be part of economics has generated hostility for years.

Not from me. I find it wonderful that the Nobel Foundation chose Thaler. The economics Nobel has already been awarded to a number of people who can be classified as behavioral economists, including George Akerlof, Robert Fogel, Daniel Kahneman, Elinor Ostrom, and me. With the addition of Thaler (right), we now account for approximately 6% of all Nobel economics prizes ever awarded.

But many in economics and finance still believe that the best way to describe human behavior is to eschew psychology and instead model human behavior as mathematical optimization by separate and relentlessly selfish individuals, subject to budget constraints. Of course, not all economists, or even a majority, are wedded to this view, as evidenced by the fact that both Thaler and I have been elected president, in successive years, of the American Economic Association, the main professional body for economists in the United States. But many of our colleagues unquestionably are.Richard Thaler

I first met Thaler in 1982, when he was a professor at Cornell University. I was visiting Cornell briefly, and he and I took a long walk across the campus together, discovering along the way that we had similar ideas and research goals. For 25 years, starting in 1991, he and I co-organized a series of academic conferences on behavioral economics, under the auspices of the US National Bureau of Economic Research.

Over all those years, however, there has been antagonism—and even what appeared to be real animus—toward our research agenda. Thaler once told me that Merton Miller, who won the economics Nobel in 1990 (he died in 2000), would not even make eye contact when passing him in the hallway at the University of Chicago.

Miller explained his reasoning (if not his behavior) in a widely cited 1986 article called “Behavioral Rationality in Finance.” Miller conceded that sometimes people are victims of psychology, but he insisted that stories about such mistakes are “almost totally irrelevant” to finance. The concluding sentence of his review is widely quoted by his admirers: “That we abstract from all these stories in building our models is not because the stories are uninteresting but because they may be too interesting and thereby distract us from the pervasive market forces that should be our principal concern.”

Stephen A. Ross of MIT, another finance theorist who was a likely future Nobel laureate until he died unexpectedly in March, argued along similar lines. In his 2005 book Neoclassical Finance, he, too, eschewed psychology, preferring to build a “methodology of finance as the implication of the absence of arbitrage.” In other words, we can learn a lot about people’s behavior just from the observation that there are no ten-dollar bills lying around on public sidewalks. However psychologically bent some people are, one can bet that they will pick up the money as soon as they spot it.

Both Miller and Ross made wonderful contributions to financial theory. But their results are not the only descriptions of economic and financial forces that should interest us, and Thaler has been a major contributor to a behavioral research program that has demonstrated this.

For example, in 1981, Thaler and Santa Clara University’s Hersh Shefrin advanced an “economic theory of self-control” that describes economic phenomena in terms of people’s inability to control their impulses. Sure, people have no trouble motivating themselves to pick up a ten-dollar bill that they might find on a sidewalk. There is no self-control issue there. But they will have trouble resisting the impulse to spend it. As a result, most people save too little for their retirement years.

Economists need to know about such mistakes that people repeatedly make. During a long subsequent career, involving work with UCLA’s Shlomo Benartzi and others, Thaler has proposed mechanisms that will, as he and Harvard Law School’s Cass Sunstein put it in their book Nudge, change the “choice architecture” of these decisions. The same people, with the same self-control problems, could be enabled to make better decisions.

Improving people’s saving behavior is not a small or insignificant matter. To some extent, it is a matter of life or death, and, more pervasively, it determines whether we achieve fulfillment and satisfaction in life.

Thaler has shown in his research how to focus economic inquiry more decisively on real and important problems. His research program has been both compassionate and grounded, and he has established a research trajectory for young scholars and social engineers that marks the beginning of a real and enduring scientific revolution. I couldn’t be more pleased for him—or for the profession. 

Robert J. Shiller, a 2013 Nobel laureate in economics, is Professor of Economics at Yale University and the co-creator of the Case-Shiller Index of US house prices. He is the author of Irrational Exuberance and co-author of Phishing for Phools: The Economics of Manipulation and Deception.

© 2017 Project Syndicate.

Jackson National VAs Offer Vanguard Funds

Funds from America’s most popular mutual fund company are now available on America’s most popular variable annuity contracts.

Jackson National has added ten Vanguard fund options to its new fee-based contract, Perspective Advisory II, as well as to other VAs, like the year-old fee-based Perspective Advisory, and to the latest iterations of its top-selling Perspective II and Elite Access contracts.

Perspective Advisory II, issued September 25, is the third Jackson National contract designed for advisors who earn a fee on VA assets under management rather than taking an up-front commission from the insurer. Jackson National introduced its first fee-based VA, Perspective Advisory, in September 2016 and offered a fee-based investment only VA (IOVA) without living benefits in January of this year.

Jackson was by far the top seller of individual variable annuities in the U.S. in the first half of 2017, with almost $9 billion in overall sales, according to Morningstar. Meanwhile, Vanguard is currently the leader in mutual fund flows—not just in passively managed index funds but also, by a small margin, in actively managed funds.

For the year ending August 2017, Vanguard index funds have net flows of $327.9 billion and its active funds have net flows of $5.53 billion. Vanguard as a fund family now manages $3.07 trillion. Since 1997, its assets under management have grown 12-fold. Jackson National’s top-sellling commissioned VA, Perspective II (seven-year surrender period), had sales of $6.58 billion in the first half of 2017. The New York version of the contract added $533.5 million. The runner-up individual VA contract, AXA’s Structured Capital Strategies, a variable index annuity for accumulation investors, sold $1.8 billion in the first half.  

The new Jackson National product gives fee-based advisors—including those who recently switched revenue models in response to the DOL fiduciary rule and those who haven’t sold VAs at all—a chance to offer their clients a contract that, in its commission-paying version, is the most popular VA contract in the U.S.

It remains to be seen whether RIAs (registered investment advisors) and other fee-based advisors will embrace and sell no-commission VAs with living benefits. Investment-only fee-based VAs are popular with RIAs mainly because of their unique tax benefit: tax-deferred growth on virtually any amount of after-tax premium.

As retirement income-generation vehicles, VAs present a more complex value proposition. Compared with fixed income annuities, they provide less guaranteed income but more liquidity. But some advisors wonder—about VAs with living benefits in general, not Jackson National’s in particular—if the effects of fee drag will prevent the separate account assets from growing fast enough to produce steadily rising income in retirement.   

Aside from possible market value adjustments on fixed income investments, most fee-based VAs are fully liquid. Because there is no commission, investors aren’t subject to the surrender charges that can discourage variable annuity contract owners from withdrawing more than 10% of their account balance per year for as long as seven years.

The Vanguard funds, which are among some 110 investment options from a wide range of fund companies, include three index funds (Global Bond Market, U.S. Stock Market, and International Stock Market) with current expense ratios of 29 to 39 basis points per year, and seven Vanguard actively managed funds with current expense ratios of 27 to 67 basis points per year. Other available funds carry expense ratios ranging from 26 to 205 basis points per year.

The contract, which has an annual fee of 45 basis points, features four living benefit options: Lifeguard Freedom Flex (max 150 basis points for single life, max 160 basis points for joint), Lifeguard Freedom Net, and LifeGuard Freedom Flex DB; which is designed for legacy planning.

All Lifeguard options include annual roll-ups under certain conditions and different payout percentages at different ages. Deferral bonuses of 5%, 6% and 7% are available for the first 10 years, if no withdrawals are taken. There are also four death benefit options with price points from 20 basis points to 125 basis points per year. LifeGuard Freedom Flex DB offers both a living benefit and death benefit component.

The Vanguard funds available in the Perspective Advisory contracts include:

  • JNL/Vanguard Capital Growth Fund
  • JNL/Vanguard Equity Income Fund
  • JNL/Vanguard International Fund
  • JNL/Vanguard Small Company Growth
  • JNL/Vanguard Global Bond Market Index Fund
  • JNL/Vanguard International Stock Market Index Fund
  • JNL/Vanguard U.S. Stock Market Index Fund
  • JNL/Vanguard Moderate Allocation Fund
  • JNL/Vanguard Moderate Growth Allocation Fund
  • JNL/Vanguard Growth Allocation Fund

© 2017 RIJ Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

Financial Engines adds college and health planning modules for participants

As part of its financial wellness initiative for plan sponsor clients, Financial Engines has added a College Expense Planner and a Retirement Healthcare Expense Planner to its advisory services platform for 401(k) plan participants, the publicly-held investment management and advisory firm announced this week.  

The Financial Engines College Expense Planner enables people to estimate how much they will need to save for their children’s college expenses and how close they are to their goal. The planner incorporates third-party tuition cost growth estimates for public and private colleges and a variety of portfolio forecasting options.

The Financial Engines Retirement Healthcare Expense Planner enables users to estimate what they might need to pay for Medicare premiums and out-of-pocket healthcare expenses in retirement. The planner leverages Financial Engines’ partnership with HealthView, a Danvers, MA-based provider of healthcare cost-projection software. With the planner, users receive a location-specific estimate for how much they can expect to pay for healthcare services in retirement.  

© 2017 RIJ Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

DOL delay will help annuity sales in 2018: LIMRA

LIMRA Secure Retirement Institute has revised its annuity sales forecast for 2018, following a delay in the Department of Labor fiduciary rule (DOL rule). 

Today, LIMRA Secure Retirement Institute predicts a five percent increase of overall annuity sales in U.S. in 2018. Variable annuity (VA) sales are still expected to decline in 2018 (0-5 percent), but the decline is less than originally thought (10-15 percent), compared with sales in 2017. The Institute expects fixed annuity sales to increase 5-10 percent in 2018, an improvement over the expected 0-5 percent decline expected in 2017.

Indexed Annuities to Drive Increase in Fixed Annuity Sales 
LIMRA Secure Retirement Institute forecasts that sales of fixed annuities will increase across all product lines: indexed, fixed-rate deferred and income annuities. Because of the delay in the DOL rule, the Institute projects 2018 indexed annuity sales will bounce back from the decline seen early in 2017 to reach the near record levels ($60 billion+) of 2016.

The rule would have had significantly disrupted the independent marketing organization (IMO) channel, which represents a large portion of the indexed annuity sales. With the DOL rule delayed, the Institute projects indexed annuity sales to rebound five to ten percent in 2018, compared with 2017 sales results.   

Limra annuity forecast

Improvement in Variable Annuity Sales
Variable annuity sales have declined for the past five years, in part because companies have been carefully managing their VA sales volume. The decline of VA sales accelerated once DOL fiduciary rule was published in 2015. The Institute believes the delay in implementing the DOL rule, and thus the best interest contract requirements, will reduce some of the pressure on the VA market in 2018, and help improve sales.

While there will be positive progress, the Institute still forecasts a decline in 2018 VA sales, albeit smaller than predicted when the rule was expected to go into effect on Jan. 1, 2018. Overall annuity sales experienced declines in 2017, which were predicted to continue in 2018. 

© 2017 RIJ Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

Fidelity’s global unit to experiment with variable fees

Fidelity International, a global unit of Fidelity Investments, has introduced a variable investment management fee, which will fluctuate when funds outperform or underperform their benchmarks, across its entire outside-the-U.S. equity investment offerings, IPE.com reported this week.

A range of share classes for Fidelity equity funds will have a reduced base annual management charge and a “fulcrum fee” that is “symmetrically linked” to fund performance. The annual management fee will rise if a fund outperforms its benchmark index, but will fall if the fund underperforms.

The new share class is expected to launch in the first quarter of 2018, subject to discussions with local regulators, said Fidelity International president Brian Conroy. For more on this fee structure, which is practiced at Orbis Investments, click here.

Fidelity International runs roughly $894bn (€760.4bn) in equity assets, all of which will become eligible for the new charge structure under the company’s plans. The group runs more than €2trn worldwide across all asset classes according to IPE’s Top 400 Asset Managers survey.

A fund could post a gain or loss and it wouldn’t matter—what matters is whether the fund beats or lags its benchmark, according to Dominic Rossi, global chief investment officer for equities at Fidelity International. If a fund lost money but beat its benchmark it would raise its fee, and if the fund made money but underperformed its index it would lower its fee.

Rossi added that a small number of funds may alter their benchmarks in order to ensure they were verifiable and appropriate for the new fee structure, but emphasized that such changes would be “minimal.”  

In a press release, Fidelity said: “Where we deliver outperformance net of fees we will share in the upside and in the case that clients experience only benchmark level performance or below, they will see lower fee levels under this new model. The fee that clients will pay will sit within a range and will be subject to a pre-determined cap (maximum) and floor (minimum).”

The exact level of fees, as well as the floor and ceiling, would be agreed with fund boards, distributors and regulators in the next few months, he said, adding that the new fee structure would “more closely align the performance of our business with the performance of our clients’ portfolios.”

Fidelity also said it would pass on the costs of investment research to clients under the European Union’s new market rules, called Mifid II, due to go live in January, bucking the trend set by many regional peers who have made a decision to absorb the costs, according to a report in gamesworlditalia.com.

© 2017 RIJ Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.